1) How does the whole process work? To be more specific, do I send in my rough copy or a typed copy? How am I even going to find a publisher in the first place?
...you never send out anything less than a completed, POLISHED draft of your ms... and it better be typed in the proper format... i have a format guide i'll be glad to send you, if you email me at the address below... how you find a publisher, is by getting a copy of 'writers market' or subscribing to the online version... i advise doing both, since the book has lots of basic info you clearly need to learn and the online service has regular updates on which publisher want what kinds of mss... you can get a package deal with both book and subscription at any major bookstore or at their site...
2) How long does it take to get published? For example, if I find a company that agrees to publish me about how long will it take to get my book back?
...the average is 18 months to 2 years, from signing a contract, to seeing your book on bookstore shelves...
3) Will the book be sold in stores if it gets published? Most likely I will give a copy to my family and friends, but I do want to share it with others, too. How will I self-market myself if I don't have an agent?
...it will, if it gets published by a legit, traditional publishing house... if you go to one of the vanity publishers, it won't, unless you can talk some small book store into taking a couple of copies... agents don't market your book... the publisher does that... all an agent does is shop it around till it gets accepted by a publisher... self-marketing a book takes a lot of time and energy and money... it's too much to go into here, but i'll give you some examples if you contact me for the guide...
4) I am currently 16. Do publishers ask for your age when you send in a piece of work? I think you have to have parental consent to get something published...am I correct? How does this work?
...no one will ask your age when you query publishers or agents, but you'll have to have a parent sign the contract, since you're a minor...
5) Lastly, where do I start looking for publishers?
...where i mentioned above... the latest edition of 'writers market'... as well as on the bookshelves of your library or local book store... find books that are similar to what you've written and then look up those publishers to see if they accept queries from unagented writers... i hope this answers your questions...
love and hugs, maia'
maia3maia@hotmail.com